What are its primary applications?

1. ​Industrial Cleaning:
   • Used to degrease electronic circuits and clean optical fibers (e.g., lint-free lens tissue moistened with pure IPA for fiber optics)
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2. ​Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics:
   • Antiseptic (70% solutions) and solvent in drug synthesis or cosmetics (e.g., makeup products)
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3. ​Semiconductor Manufacturing:
   • Critical component in spin-on-glass coatings for semiconductor substrates
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4. ​Chemical Synthesis:
   • Intermediate in producing acetone, esters (e.g., acetyl acetate isopropyl), and other industrial compounds

How should IPA be handled safely?

• ​Storage:
  • Keep in cool, well-ventilated areas away from heat sources and oxidizers
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• ​Exposure Risks:
  • ​Inhalation: May cause dizziness or respiratory irritation.
  • ​Skin Contact: Prolonged exposure leads to dryness or cracking.
• ​Leak Management:
  • Small spills: Absorb with inert materials like sand.
  • Large spills: Use explosion-proof equipment for containment

How is IPA synthesized industrially?

• ​Propylene Hydration:
  • ​Indirect Method: React propylene with sulfuric acid to form isopropyl sulfate, followed by hydrolysis
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  • ​Direct Method: Catalytic reaction of propylene and water under high pressure and temperature.
• ​Acetone Hydrogenation: Convert acetone to IPA using catalysts like copper or zinc