What are its primary applications?

1. ​Antifreeze/Coolant:
   • Used in automotive and industrial cooling systems (e.g., 60% EG solution freezes at -49°C)
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2. ​Chemical Synthesis:
   • Key intermediate in polyester fibers (e.g., PET) and resins for textiles, plastics, and coatings
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3. ​Solvent:
   • Used in inks, paints, and hydraulic fluids due to its hygroscopic and low-volatility properties
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4. ​Pharmaceuticals:
   • Solvent for antibiotics and cancer drugs; also used in cryoprotection
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5. ​Tobacco Industry:
   • Acts as a humectant and flavor enhancer in cigarettes

How does ethylene glycol affect the environment and human health?

• ​Toxicity Mechanism:
  • Metabolizes to ​glycolic acid and ​oxalic acid, causing kidney failure, metabolic acidosis, and neurological damage
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• ​Poisoning Stages:
  1. ​0–12h: Gastrointestinal/CNS symptoms (vomiting, ataxia).
  2. ​12–24 hours: Cardiopulmonary distress (tachycardia, respiratory failure).
  3. ​**>24h**: Acute kidney injury (anuria, death if untreated)
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• ​Treatment:
  • ​Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor) or ​ethanol to block metabolism.
  • Hemodialysis for severe cases

What are the industrial challenges and safety measures?

• ​Corrosivity:
  • EG-water solutions corrode metal pipes, heat exchangers, and valves, especially at elevated temperatures. Mitigation includes:
    • Adding ​corrosion inhibitors (e.g., LMZ synergist) to extend system lifespan
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    • Regular monitoring and pH adjustments
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• ​Production Methods:
  1. ​Ethylene Oxide Hydrolysis: Mainstream industrial method (high purity).
  2. ​Coal-Based Synthesis: Uses syngas (CO + H₂) to produce EG via oxalate intermediates